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What is a Herniated Disc?

When the inner core pushes through the annulus fibrosis, it’s called a herniated disc.

In between the vertebrae of the spine are cushions called discs. Theses discs contain an inner core, called the nucleus pulposus, and an outer wall, called the annulus fibrosis. If the annulus degenerates or tears, the nucleus can seep into the annulus and cause the disc to bulge and protrude. This bulging disc may press against nerves and cause pain.

The tear in the annulus fibrosis created by this bulging of the inner core causes back pain. That pain may spread to a different area of the body if the now protruding disc is putting pressure on a spinal nerve.

Symptoms of Herniated Discs

The main symptom of a herniated disc is sharp and acute pain, often described as a “deep pain,” which increases in severity as it moves down the affected leg.

Pain onset may occur suddenly, or be preceded by a snapping or tearing sensation in the spine. This sensation may be attributed to the annulus fibrosis suddenly tearing.

There is often a limited range of motion present in patients with herniated discs, and patients will often lean to one side when bending over. Walking will often be painful, with patients attempting to alter their gait by straightening the affected leg to avoid putting too much weight on it.

Diagnosis of Herniated Discs

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is often used to diagnose a herniated disc. CT scans are also helpful for providing better images of the source of pressure if a nerve root is being pressed upon by the herniated disc.

Treatment Options for Herniated Discs

Rest, medication and physical therapy are usually successful when treating a herniated disc. Medications like anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and muscle relaxants may be prescribed to help with pressure and pain.

Surgery is not often needed for a herniated disc, but if a patient doesn’t respond to rest, physical therapy and medications over a long period of time, surgery may be recommended.